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SharePoint site permissions aren't working and people can't access files

Check whether the person is actually a member of the site. They can have been added to a folder permission instead of the site itself. Go to SharePoint site → Settings gear → Site members, and check if they're listed. If not, add them there first.

SharePoint permissions work in layers. Someone needs to be a site member first, then they need permission to the specific folder or file. If either layer is wrong, they'll get blocked. Check the site member list first, then look at the folder permissions. If someone has inherited permissions from a parent folder but the parent folder has the wrong permissions, they'll still be blocked.

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